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蛋糕膨松的基本原理

一、空氣的作用

空氣可通過幹配料過篩，攪拌配料和加入攪打起泡的全蛋或蛋清時，進入蛋糕混合物中。

1、在制作油蛋糕時，糖和油脂在攪拌時能拌入大量空氣。糖、油脂由攪拌産生磨擦作用而産生氣泡。這種氣泡進爐受熱後進一步膨脹，使蛋糕體積增大、膨松。油蛋糕，尤其是重油蛋糕主要是靠油脂拌入空氣爲了在糖油攪拌時易于産生空氣，所用的糖必須幹燥，一般細砂糖較適合制作重油蛋糕，幹燥的糖和晶體易于産生摩擦力。

2、在制作海綿蛋糕和戚風蛋糕時，攪拌全蛋和蛋清，可以帶入大量的空氣，雞蛋具有融和空氣和膨大的雙重作用，蛋糕油又發揮了起發快與保留空氣的作用。

二、膨松劑的作用

膨松劑可分爲生物膨松劑和化學膨松劑。

生物膨松劑如酵母或乳酸菌及醋酸菌等，它們經發酵後的最終産物是二氧化碳。

化學膨松劑如小蘇打、臭粉和泡打粉等，它們的反應最終産生二氧化碳和氨氣，這些氣體使蛋糕膨大。

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"We walked by the side of our teams or behind the wagons, we slept on the ground at night, we did our own cooking, we washed our knives by sticking them into the ground rapidly a few times, and we washed our plates with sand and wisps of grass. When we stopped, we arranged our wagons in a circle, and thus formed a 'corral,' or yard, where we drove our oxen to yoke them up. And the corral was often very useful as a fort, or camp, for defending ourselves against the Indians. Do you see that little hollow down there?" he asked, pointing to a depression in the ground a short distance to the right of the train. "Well, in that hollow our wagon-train was kept three days and nights by the Indians. Three days and nights they stayed around, and made several attacks. Two of our men were killed and three were wounded by their arrows, and others had narrow escapes. One arrow hit me on the throat, but I was saved by the knot of my neckerchief, and the point only tore the skin a little. Since that time I have always had a fondness for large neckties. I don't know how many of the Indians we killed, as they carried off their dead and wounded, to save them from being scalped. Next to getting the scalps of their enemies, the most important thing with the Indians is to save their own. We had several fights during our journey, but that one was the worst. Once a little party of us were surrounded in a small 'wallow,' and had a tough time to defend ourselves successfully. Luckily for us, the Indians had no fire-arms then, and their bows and arrows were no match for our rifles. Nowadays they are well armed, but there are[Pg 41] not so many of them, and they are not inclined to trouble the railway trains. They used to do a great deal of mischief in the old times, and many a poor fellow has been killed by them." The boys looked in the direction indicated, but could see nothing. This is not surprising, when we remember that sailors' eyes are accustomed to great distances, and can frequently see objects distinctly long before landsmen can make them out. Mr. Charlton's melancholy eyes seemed to be fixed on space. Just for the moment he had forgotten that he was not alone. Lawrence gave a sympathetic cough. As a matter of fact, he had not yet explained what he was doing there, and the longer the explanation was postponed the better he would be pleased. "You see our patient has gone," Balmayne said smoothly. "As a matter of fact, the whole thing was a ridiculous mistake. But you must not blame us. The blame is due to the charming young lady who sent for you. But that is one of the drawbacks of your noble profession. Goodnight." In one of the inmost circles, a sacred elephant had gone must, breaking his ropes, and confined now by only one leg. 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