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牙買加咖啡不等于藍山咖啡你了解蓝山咖啡吗

藍山咖啡大家一定都不陌生，無論你愛不愛喝咖啡，你都會知道藍山咖啡。今天就來普及一下藍山咖啡的知識。

名稱來源

牙买加出产世界上最好的“牙買加藍山咖啡”(Jamaica Blue Mountain)。我们绝对相信牙買加藍山咖啡是最佳的咖啡，它的酸、甘、醇与苦味非常平衡，味道芳香，喝起来非常润顺;但是，它的价格过高，虽然值得一试，却无须为此着迷。因为其他的精选咖啡也都有各自的特性，而且滋味鲜美，价格也合理，这才是我们生活中的好咖啡。

最早的“牙買加藍山”，是指“華倫福特農莊”與“銀丘農莊”所生産的咖啡，以前者的質量最佳;現今的牙買加藍山，指的則是生長在牙買加首都“金斯頓”以東的藍山地區(高度超過1000米)的咖啡豆。現在馬威斯邦是最大的莊園，其木桶印有M.B.C.F，在台灣地區常有它的産品。

牙買加咖啡不等于藍山咖啡

一般生長在低海拔與其他地區的咖啡豆，只能叫做“牙買加高山豆”或“牙買加水洗豆”，與牙買加藍山相比較，風味相去甚多，但是，這些産地的面積是真正藍山地區的2倍，産量占該國的75%，所以買到牙買加咖啡時，可別以爲買到了藍山咖啡。事實上，今天的藍山地區是一個僅有6000公頃種植面積的小地方，不可能所有標有"藍山"字樣的咖啡都在那裏種植。另外的12000公頃土地用于種植其他兩種類型的咖啡：高山頂級咖啡和牙買加優洗咖啡。

曆史

1717年法国国王路易十五下令在牙买加种植咖啡，二十年代中期，牙买加总督尼古拉斯·劳伊斯爵士(Nicholas Lawes)从马提尼克岛(Martinique)进口的阿拉比卡的种子，并开始在圣安德鲁地区(St. Andrew)推广种植。直到今天，圣安德鲁地区仍然是牙買加藍山咖啡的三大产区之一，另外两个产区分别是：波特兰产区(Portland)和圣托马斯产区(St.Thomas)。8年内，牙买加出口纯正的咖啡达375吨多。1932年，咖啡生产达到高峰，收获的咖啡多达15000多吨。

牙买加政府于1950年设立了牙買加咖啡工业委员会(the Jamaica Coffee Industry Board)，该委员会为牙買加咖啡制定质量标准，并监督质量标准的执行，以确保牙買加咖啡的品质。委员会对牙买加出口的生咖啡和烘培咖啡颁予特制官印，是世界上最高级别的国家咖啡机构。能够代表蓝山咖啡原产地的，有马菲斯河堤咖啡厂Mavis Bank Coffee Factory(M.B.C.F)、蓝山咖啡合作厂(M.H.C.C.T.)、波特兰蓝山咖啡合作厂(P.X.X.S.H.)、咖啡工业协会(华伦福特)、咖啡工业协会(圣约翰峰)和蓝丽(J.A.S)等6种标志。

牙買加的咖啡有三個品種

牙買加藍山咖啡

(Jamaica Blue Mountain Coffee)，其中的蓝山咖啡和高山咖啡下面又各分四个等级。从质量来分由上到下依次为：NO.1、NO.2、NO.3和PB，PB就是圆豆。按照CIB的标准，只有种植在海拔666米以上部分的咖啡才被称为牙買加藍山咖啡。

牙買加高山咖啡

(Jamaica High Mountain Supreme Coffee Beans)在牙买加蓝山地区666米以下部分生产的咖啡称为高山咖啡，也是仅次于蓝山咖啡品质的咖啡，被业内人士称作蓝山咖啡的兄弟品种，牙買加藍山咖啡因产量极少，因此如果想要品尝牙买加口味咖啡，那么牙買加高山咖啡就是您最好的选择了。

牙買加咖啡

(Jamaica Prime Coffee Beans)。蓝山山脉以外地区种植咖啡称为牙買加咖啡。原来中国的咖啡业者普遍有个错误的认识，认为只有在海拔1800米以上的蓝山区域种植的咖啡才能叫蓝山咖啡，事实上，蓝山山脉1800以上的山冠上，只有一个庄园，就是Amber，它是中国人后裔的，庄园主姓Lyn(林),祖籍中国广东，该庄园只有30公顷土地，产量非常少。蓝山咖啡主要分布于蓝山山脉的John Crow,St.John's Peak,Mossman's Peak,High Peak,Blue Mountian Peak等5个山区。

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"We walked by the side of our teams or behind the wagons, we slept on the ground at night, we did our own cooking, we washed our knives by sticking them into the ground rapidly a few times, and we washed our plates with sand and wisps of grass. When we stopped, we arranged our wagons in a circle, and thus formed a 'corral,' or yard, where we drove our oxen to yoke them up. And the corral was often very useful as a fort, or camp, for defending ourselves against the Indians. Do you see that little hollow down there?" he asked, pointing to a depression in the ground a short distance to the right of the train. "Well, in that hollow our wagon-train was kept three days and nights by the Indians. Three days and nights they stayed around, and made several attacks. Two of our men were killed and three were wounded by their arrows, and others had narrow escapes. One arrow hit me on the throat, but I was saved by the knot of my neckerchief, and the point only tore the skin a little. Since that time I have always had a fondness for large neckties. I don't know how many of the Indians we killed, as they carried off their dead and wounded, to save them from being scalped. Next to getting the scalps of their enemies, the most important thing with the Indians is to save their own. We had several fights during our journey, but that one was the worst. Once a little party of us were surrounded in a small 'wallow,' and had a tough time to defend ourselves successfully. Luckily for us, the Indians had no fire-arms then, and their bows and arrows were no match for our rifles. Nowadays they are well armed, but there are[Pg 41] not so many of them, and they are not inclined to trouble the railway trains. They used to do a great deal of mischief in the old times, and many a poor fellow has been killed by them." The boys looked in the direction indicated, but could see nothing. This is not surprising, when we remember that sailors' eyes are accustomed to great distances, and can frequently see objects distinctly long before landsmen can make them out. Mr. Charlton's melancholy eyes seemed to be fixed on space. Just for the moment he had forgotten that he was not alone. Lawrence gave a sympathetic cough. As a matter of fact, he had not yet explained what he was doing there, and the longer the explanation was postponed the better he would be pleased. "You see our patient has gone," Balmayne said smoothly. "As a matter of fact, the whole thing was a ridiculous mistake. But you must not blame us. The blame is due to the charming young lady who sent for you. But that is one of the drawbacks of your noble profession. Goodnight." In one of the inmost circles, a sacred elephant had gone must, breaking his ropes, and confined now by only one leg. 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